examples/repository-scratch-link.umsg
%unimsg 0 repo/scratch/v1 · 190 lines · 6027 bytes of text · 3919 bytes canonical · the raw file
Point at anything below — a sigil, a literal, a brace — and the card says what it is. Keyboard: tab through the document. Every explanation is also printed in full beneath the source.
%unimsg 0 repo/scratch/v1
repository @repo/scratch/v1 {
at 2026-09-04T05:50:03Z
completeness :complete
doc "A link against examples/repository-scratch.umsg: only the three objects that commit added, and the mutable layer restated whole."
head symbolic "refs/heads/main"
object-format :sha1
title "The scratch repository, one commit later, as a link"
absent {
"0123456789012345678901234567890123456789" :submodule
}
config [
{
name "repositoryformatversion"
section "core"
value "0"
}
{ name "filemode", section "core", value "false" }
{ name "bare", section "core", value "false" }
{
name "logallrefupdates"
section "core"
value "true"
}
{ name "symlinks", section "core", value "false" }
{ name "ignorecase", section "core", value "true" }
{ name "autocrlf", section "core", value "false" }
{ name "name", section "user", value "Scratch Author" }
{
name "email"
section "user"
value "scratch@example.invalid"
}
{
name "url"
section "remote"
subsection "origin"
value "https://example.invalid/scratch.git"
}
{
name "fetch"
section "remote"
subsection "origin"
value "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
}
{
name "fetch"
section "remote"
subsection "origin"
value "+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
}
]
index {
version 2
entries [
| mode object path stage
| "100644" #sha1:f1bf4972f8c417e788b44d837e3738579cbbe644 "README.md" 0
| "100644" #sha1:15037b1691e5bfcee711019eb5697830f0aa68e0 "data.bin" 0
| "120000" #sha1:42061c01a1c70097d1e4579f29a5adf40abdec95 "link" 0
| "100644" #sha1:f1bf4972f8c417e788b44d837e3738579cbbe644 ~hex:6e61e96d65 0
| "100755" #sha1:21ba682558a42264518f1e0ba55e8a5cd9d7db0a "run.sh" 0
| "100644" #sha1:bfa655111293037a5564088d1a9bbca4cbcf446b "sub/notes.txt" 0
| "160000" #sha1:0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 "vendor" 0
]
}
local-files {
description {
content "Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name the repository.
"
}
info/exclude {
content "build/
"
}
}
objects {
"3e7acc922fb5c939f5228612365e9c180c03c0a5" {
kind :tree
entries [
| mode name object
| "100644" "NEW.txt" #sha1:bf77d782c8983315a5de9cf6873b60ecd05f6486
| "100644" "README.md" #sha1:f1bf4972f8c417e788b44d837e3738579cbbe644
| "100644" "data.bin" #sha1:15037b1691e5bfcee711019eb5697830f0aa68e0
| "120000" "link" #sha1:42061c01a1c70097d1e4579f29a5adf40abdec95
| "100644" ~hex:6e61e96d65 #sha1:f1bf4972f8c417e788b44d837e3738579cbbe644
| "100755" "run.sh" #sha1:21ba682558a42264518f1e0ba55e8a5cd9d7db0a
| "40000" "sub" #sha1:38d5be3806b7049721d52443472afe889b08af00
| "160000" "vendor" #sha1:0123456789012345678901234567890123456789
]
}
b5905389c0c463edbdec713b61585079fefd750c {
kind :commit
parents [ #sha1:b5dbaed375fccae17a8dd0d5498193a09a0a6eff ]
tree #sha1:3e7acc922fb5c939f5228612365e9c180c03c0a5
author {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+0000"
when 1000000300
}
committer {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+0000"
when 1000000300
}
message "the commit that happens after the snapshot
"
}
bf77d782c8983315a5de9cf6873b60ecd05f6486 {
kind :blob
content "a third commit, added after the first snapshot
"
}
}
predecessor {
digest #sha256:0b79b068ec83a655ac4ff22847874afbdd21f0063fd5f13a7c3bad571515b4e3
document external -> @repo/scratch/v0
}
reflogs {
HEAD [
{
message ""
new #sha1:b5dbaed375fccae17a8dd0d5498193a09a0a6eff
old #sha1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
who {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+1000"
when 1788497207
}
}
{
message ""
new #sha1:b5905389c0c463edbdec713b61585079fefd750c
old #sha1:b5dbaed375fccae17a8dd0d5498193a09a0a6eff
who {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+1000"
when 1788498443
}
}
]
refs/heads/main [
{
message ""
new #sha1:b5dbaed375fccae17a8dd0d5498193a09a0a6eff
old #sha1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
who {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+1000"
when 1788497207
}
}
{
message ""
new #sha1:b5905389c0c463edbdec713b61585079fefd750c
old #sha1:b5dbaed375fccae17a8dd0d5498193a09a0a6eff
who {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+1000"
when 1788498443
}
}
]
refs/heads/side [
{
message ""
new #sha1:a21bb931bf73fb7ac4b707883deaabc147c9e899
old #sha1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
who {
email "scratch@example.invalid"
name "Scratch Author"
offset "+1000"
when 1788497207
}
}
]
}
refs {
refs/heads/main #sha1:b5905389c0c463edbdec713b61585079fefd750c
refs/heads/side #sha1:a21bb931bf73fb7ac4b707883deaabc147c9e899
refs/tags/v0.1 #sha1:dadf36c90d35cb743117ea0e5633f9c80e7e06b2
}
}
The canonical encoding
Produced by the reference encoder when this page was built. Decoding these bytes and printing them in the text form returns the document above, byte for byte — that round trip is the claim the whole format rests on.
a1 6a 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 da 00 01 11 d5 82 81 da 00 01 11 d6
6f 72 65 70 6f 2f 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 2f 76 31 ae 62 61 74 da 00 01 11
da 74 32 30 32 36 2d 30 39 2d 30 34 54 30 35 3a 35 30 3a 30 33 5a 63 64
6f 63 78 80 41 20 6c 69 6e 6b 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 65 78 61 6d 70
6c 65 73 2f 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2d 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 2e 75
6d 73 67 3a 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 6f 62 6a 65
63 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 20 61 64 64 65 64 2c 20 61
6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 6d 75 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6c 61 79 65 72 20 72 65 73
74 61 74 65 64 20 77 68 6f 6c 65 2e 64 68 65 61 64 da 00 01 11 d5 82 81
da 00 01 11 d4 68 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c 69 63 6f 72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64
73 2f 6d 61 69 6e 64 72 65 66 73 a3 6e 72 65 66 73 2f 74 61 67 73 2f 76
30 2e 31 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 da df 36 c9 0d 35 cb 74 31
17 ea 0e 56 33 f9 c8 0e 7e 06 b2 6f 72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64 73 2f 6d
61 69 6e da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5 90 53 89 c0 c4 63 ed bd
ec 71 3b 61 58 50 79 fe fd 75 0c 6f 72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64 73 2f 73
69 64 65 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 a2 1b b9 31 bf 73 fb 7a c4
b7 07 88 3d ea ab c1 47 c9 e8 99 65 69 6e 64 65 78 a2 67 65 6e 74 72 69
65 73 87 a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 70 61 74 68 69 52 45
41 44 4d 45 2e 6d 64 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01
11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 f1 bf 49 72 f8 c4 17 e7 88 b4 4d 83 7e 37 38
57 9c bb e6 44 a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 70 61 74 68 68
64 61 74 61 2e 62 69 6e 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00
01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 15 03 7b 16 91 e5 bf ce e7 11 01 9e b5 69
78 30 f0 aa 68 e0 a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 32 30 30 30 30 64 70 61 74 68
64 6c 69 6e 6b 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8
82 64 73 68 61 31 54 42 06 1c 01 a1 c7 00 97 d1 e4 57 9f 29 a5 ad f4 0a
bd ec 95 a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 70 61 74 68 45 6e 61
e9 6d 65 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64
73 68 61 31 54 f1 bf 49 72 f8 c4 17 e7 88 b4 4d 83 7e 37 38 57 9c bb e6
44 a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 37 35 35 64 70 61 74 68 66 72 75 6e 2e
73 68 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73
68 61 31 54 21 ba 68 25 58 a4 22 64 51 8f 1e 0b a5 5e 8a 5c d9 d7 db 0a
a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 70 61 74 68 6d 73 75 62 2f 6e
6f 74 65 73 2e 74 78 74 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00
01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 bf a6 55 11 12 93 03 7a 55 64 08 8d 1a 9b
bc a4 cb cf 44 6b a4 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 36 30 30 30 30 64 70 61 74 68
66 76 65 6e 64 6f 72 65 73 74 61 67 65 00 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01
11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 01 23 45 67 89 01 23 45 67 89 01 23 45 67 89
01 23 45 67 89 67 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 02 65 74 69 74 6c 65 78 33 54 68
65 20 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2c 20 6f 6e
65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 20 6c 61 74 65 72 2c 20 61 73 20 61 20 6c 69 6e
6b 66 61 62 73 65 6e 74 a1 78 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 da 00 01 11 d4 69 73 75 62 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 66 63 6f 6e 66 69
67 8c a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 77 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 66 6f 72 6d 61
74 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 65 76 61 6c 75 65 61 30 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e
64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 68 66 69 6c 65 6d 6f 64 65 65 76 61 6c
75 65 65 66 61 6c 73 65 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e
61 6d 65 64 62 61 72 65 65 76 61 6c 75 65 65 66 61 6c 73 65 67 73 65 63
74 69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 70 6c 6f 67 61 6c 6c 72 65
66 75 70 64 61 74 65 73 65 76 61 6c 75 65 64 74 72 75 65 67 73 65 63 74
69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 68 73 79 6d 6c 69 6e 6b 73 65
76 61 6c 75 65 65 66 61 6c 73 65 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65
a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 6a 69 67 6e 6f 72 65 63 61 73 65 65 76 61 6c 75 65 64
74 72 75 65 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 68
61 75 74 6f 63 72 6c 66 65 76 61 6c 75 65 65 66 61 6c 73 65 67 73 65 63
74 69 6f 6e 64 63 6f 72 65 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 64 6e 61 6d 65 65 76 61 6c
75 65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f
6e 64 75 73 65 72 a3 64 6e 61 6d 65 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 65 76 61 6c 75 65
77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64
67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 64 75 73 65 72 a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 63 75 72 6c 65
76 61 6c 75 65 78 23 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69
6e 76 61 6c 69 64 2f 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 2e 67 69 74 67 73 65 63 74 69
6f 6e 66 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 6a 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 66 6f 72 69
67 69 6e a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 65 66 65 74 63 68 65 76 61 6c 75 65 78 23 2b
72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64 73 2f 2a 3a 72 65 66 73 2f 72 65 6d 6f 74 65
73 2f 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 2f 2a 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 66 72 65 6d 6f 74
65 6a 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 66 6f 72 69 67 69 6e a4 64 6e 61 6d
65 65 66 65 74 63 68 65 76 61 6c 75 65 78 18 2b 72 65 66 73 2f 74 61 67
73 2f 2a 3a 72 65 66 73 2f 74 61 67 73 2f 2a 67 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 66
72 65 6d 6f 74 65 6a 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 66 6f 72 69 67 69 6e
67 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 a3 78 28 33 65 37 61 63 63 39 32 32 66 62 35 63
39 33 39 66 35 32 32 38 36 31 32 33 36 35 65 39 63 31 38 30 63 30 33 63
30 61 35 a2 64 6b 69 6e 64 da 00 01 11 d4 64 74 72 65 65 67 65 6e 74 72
69 65 73 88 a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 6e 61 6d 65 67 4e
45 57 2e 74 78 74 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31
54 bf 77 d7 82 c8 98 33 15 a5 de 9c f6 87 3b 60 ec d0 5f 64 86 a3 64 6d
6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 6e 61 6d 65 69 52 45 41 44 4d 45 2e 6d
64 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 f1 bf 49 72
f8 c4 17 e7 88 b4 4d 83 7e 37 38 57 9c bb e6 44 a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31
30 30 36 34 34 64 6e 61 6d 65 68 64 61 74 61 2e 62 69 6e 66 6f 62 6a 65
63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 15 03 7b 16 91 e5 bf ce e7 11
01 9e b5 69 78 30 f0 aa 68 e0 a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 32 30 30 30 30 64
6e 61 6d 65 64 6c 69 6e 6b 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73
68 61 31 54 42 06 1c 01 a1 c7 00 97 d1 e4 57 9f 29 a5 ad f4 0a bd ec 95
a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30 30 36 34 34 64 6e 61 6d 65 45 6e 61 e9 6d 65
66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 f1 bf 49 72 f8
c4 17 e7 88 b4 4d 83 7e 37 38 57 9c bb e6 44 a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 66 31 30
30 37 35 35 64 6e 61 6d 65 66 72 75 6e 2e 73 68 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da
00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 21 ba 68 25 58 a4 22 64 51 8f 1e 0b a5
5e 8a 5c d9 d7 db 0a a3 64 6d 6f 64 65 65 34 30 30 30 30 64 6e 61 6d 65
63 73 75 62 66 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 38
d5 be 38 06 b7 04 97 21 d5 24 43 47 2a fe 88 9b 08 af 00 a3 64 6d 6f 64
65 66 31 36 30 30 30 30 64 6e 61 6d 65 66 76 65 6e 64 6f 72 66 6f 62 6a
65 63 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 01 23 45 67 89 01 23 45 67
89 01 23 45 67 89 01 23 45 67 89 78 28 62 35 39 30 35 33 38 39 63 30 63
34 36 33 65 64 62 64 65 63 37 31 33 62 36 31 35 38 35 30 37 39 66 65 66
64 37 35 30 63 a6 64 6b 69 6e 64 da 00 01 11 d4 66 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 64
74 72 65 65 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 3e 7a cc 92 2f b5 c9 39
f5 22 86 12 36 5e 9c 18 0c 03 c0 a5 66 61 75 74 68 6f 72 a4 64 6e 61 6d
65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68 65 6e 1a 3b 9a
cb 2c 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65
2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 30 30 30 30 67 6d 65
73 73 61 67 65 78 2b 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 68
61 70 70 65 6e 73 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 6e 61 70 73 68 6f
74 0a 67 70 61 72 65 6e 74 73 81 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5
db ae d3 75 fc ca e1 7a 8d d0 d5 49 81 93 a0 9a 0a 6e ff 69 63 6f 6d 6d
69 74 74 65 72 a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68
6f 72 64 77 68 65 6e 1a 3b 9a cb 2c 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74
63 68 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65
74 65 2b 30 30 30 30 78 28 62 66 37 37 64 37 38 32 63 38 39 38 33 33 31
35 61 35 64 65 39 63 66 36 38 37 33 62 36 30 65 63 64 30 35 66 36 34 38
36 a2 64 6b 69 6e 64 da 00 01 11 d4 64 62 6c 6f 62 67 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e
74 78 2f 61 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 2c 20 61 64 64 65 64
20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 73 6e 61 70 73 68 6f
74 0a 67 72 65 66 6c 6f 67 73 a3 64 48 45 41 44 82 a4 63 6e 65 77 da 00
01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5 db ae d3 75 fc ca e1 7a 8d d0 d5 49 81
93 a0 9a 0a 6e ff 63 6f 6c 64 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 77 68 6f a4 64
6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68 65 6e
1a 6a 9a 4d 37 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61 6d
70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 31 30 30 30
67 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 60 a4 63 6e 65 77 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61
31 54 b5 90 53 89 c0 c4 63 ed bd ec 71 3b 61 58 50 79 fe fd 75 0c 63 6f
6c 64 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5 db ae d3 75 fc ca e1 7a 8d
d0 d5 49 81 93 a0 9a 0a 6e ff 63 77 68 6f a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63 72
61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68 65 6e 1a 6a 9a 52 0b 65 65 6d
61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61
6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 31 30 30 30 67 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65
60 6f 72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64 73 2f 6d 61 69 6e 82 a4 63 6e 65 77 da
00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5 db ae d3 75 fc ca e1 7a 8d d0 d5 49
81 93 a0 9a 0a 6e ff 63 6f 6c 64 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 77 68 6f a4
64 6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68 65
6e 1a 6a 9a 4d 37 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61
6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 31 30 30
30 67 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 60 a4 63 6e 65 77 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68
61 31 54 b5 90 53 89 c0 c4 63 ed bd ec 71 3b 61 58 50 79 fe fd 75 0c 63
6f 6c 64 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 b5 db ae d3 75 fc ca e1 7a
8d d0 d5 49 81 93 a0 9a 0a 6e ff 63 77 68 6f a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63
72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68 65 6e 1a 6a 9a 52 0b 65 65
6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76
61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 31 30 30 30 67 6d 65 73 73 61 67
65 60 6f 72 65 66 73 2f 68 65 61 64 73 2f 73 69 64 65 81 a4 63 6e 65 77
da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54 a2 1b b9 31 bf 73 fb 7a c4 b7 07 88
3d ea ab c1 47 c9 e8 99 63 6f 6c 64 da 00 01 11 d8 82 64 73 68 61 31 54
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 77 68 6f
a4 64 6e 61 6d 65 6e 53 63 72 61 74 63 68 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 64 77 68
65 6e 1a 6a 9a 4d 37 65 65 6d 61 69 6c 77 73 63 72 61 74 63 68 40 65 78
61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 66 6f 66 66 73 65 74 65 2b 31 30
30 30 67 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 60 6b 6c 6f 63 61 6c 2d 66 69 6c 65 73 a2
6b 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e a1 67 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 78 49 55
6e 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 3b 20 65 64 69 74 20
74 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 27 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e 27 20
74 6f 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2e 0a
6c 69 6e 66 6f 2f 65 78 63 6c 75 64 65 a1 67 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 67 62
75 69 6c 64 2f 0a 6b 70 72 65 64 65 63 65 73 73 6f 72 a2 66 64 69 67 65
73 74 da 00 01 11 d8 82 66 73 68 61 32 35 36 58 20 0b 79 b0 68 ec 83 a6
55 ac 4f f2 28 47 87 4a fb dd 21 f0 06 3f d5 f1 3a 7c 3b ad 57 15 15 b4
e3 68 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 da 00 01 11 d5 82 81 da 00 01 11 d4 68 65
78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c da 00 01 11 d7 6f 72 65 70 6f 2f 73 63 72 61 74 63
68 2f 76 30 6c 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6e 65 73 73 da 00 01 11 d4 68 63
6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6d 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 2d 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 da 00 01
11 d4 64 73 68 61 31examples/repository-scratch-link.umsg 3919 bytesEvery construct on this page
The formal columns are read from the specification when this page is generated. The last column is this site's plain-language gloss and is not normative — where they differ, the specification is right.
| construct | glyph | carries | example | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| :annotation | — | — | — | A bare name qualifying the value after it—for example a language tag or a unit such as kg. It is not a value itself; a bare name with nothing after it is an error, not a guess. |
| :array | ^ | type, or type:shape; then [ elements ] | ^f64 [ 1.5, 2.5 ] or ^i16:2x3 [ … ] | A packed, homogeneous numeric array. The ^ marker gives every element its type and may also give the row-major shape: ^f64:2x3 [ … ]. |
| :array-element | — | — | — | One element of a typed array. Its type comes from the ^ marker, so 1.5 inside ^f64 is binary64 rather than an exact decimal. |
| :array-missing | — | — | — | A missing position in a typed array. null here is not an element value: it adds a validity mask while preserving the array's shape. |
| :block | — | — | — | A block: named pairs, in braces. Its keys are sorted in the encoding and shown here as written. |
| :bytes | ~ | encoding:data | ~hex:ff00 or ~b64:iVBORw0KGgo= | Raw octets, carried as octets. No base64 tax, no pretending they are text. |
| :comment | -- | to end of line | -- a note | A note for people. It travels with the pair it precedes and never reaches the bytes. |
| :decimal | — | — | — | An exact decimal. 19.99 is nineteen and ninety-nine hundredths, not the nearest double to it. |
| :extension | ! | name, then value | !acme/hint { zone 4 } | A qualifier this reader may not know. It survives the round trip intact, and stays legible on the way past — the rule that separates an extension from a private convention. |
| :float | — | — | — | A binary float, marked so it can never be mistaken for the exact decimal beside it. |
| :hash | # | algorithm:hex | #sha256:deadbeef | The digest of some content, with the algorithm said out loud so it is still meaningful in ten years. |
| :header | % | unimsg only | %unimsg 0 label | Declares the format version and what this document is. Optional, and useful exactly when a file arrives without context. |
| :identifier | @ | word | @ord-88213 | Gives this value a name, so another document can point at it without copying it. |
| :integer | — | — | — | A whole number of any size. Past 2^53 it is still exact, which is the whole reason this is not JSON. |
| :key | — | — | — | A field name: the first thing in a pair. It is bare when possible and quoted when needed, and names the content without becoming part of the value. |
| :reference | -> | an identifier or a path | -> @cust-4471, -> @lexicon.entries.kitāb | Points at a name. Nothing follows it while reading — resolution is somebody else's job, deliberately. |
| :reserved-literal | — | — | — | One of six bare words that are values rather than names. The list is fixed, so no value is coerced by what it looks like. |
| :sequence | — | — | — | An ordered list. Order is preserved and is meaning. |
| :string | — | — | — | Text. May span lines, so prose does not have to be escaped into one. |
| :symbol | : | word | :dispatched | A name from a fixed vocabulary, not free text. :high is a value someone chose; "high" is a phrase someone typed. |
| :table-row | | | cells | | sku qty | One record of a table. A table is sugar for a sequence of blocks with the same keys, and encodes identically to the longhand. |
| — | — | — | A temporal value at the precision written. 2026-08 stays a month, and 03:52 stays a wall-clock time; neither is widened into an invented instant. |