`docs/51-terminology-and-infrastructure.umsg`

%unimsg 0 design/terminology-and-infrastructure/v0 · 366 lines · 24242 bytes of text · 21334 bytes canonical · the raw file

Point at anything below — a sigil, a literal, a brace — and the card says what it is. Keyboard: tab through the document. Every explanation is also printed in full beneath the source.

%unimsg 0 design/terminology-and-infrastructure/v0

-- The words the project uses for its own parts, the name it goes by, and the
-- arrangement of the things that have grown up around the format — written
-- down because until now every one of them was decided at the moment it was
-- first needed, by whoever needed it, and the third "profile" did not mean
-- what the first one meant.
--
-- Written against @vocab/design/v0. It is a proposal, and its tables are the
-- part that binds once it stops being one.

terminology-and-infrastructure @design/terminology-and-infrastructure/v0 {
  conforms -> @vocab/design/v0
  title   "Terminology, branding and organisation: one word per kind of thing, and a registry that lists all of them"
  status  :proposal
  about   -> @unimsg/v0
  at      2026-09-02

  -- ===================================================================
  -- THE ASK
  -- ===================================================================

  the-ask "Open the terminology around unimsg, its branding and the
     organisation of the infrastructure that has accumulated around the
     format, and standardise it. In particular: define a register of
     vocabularies, and decide what a profile within a vocabulary is called —
     staying with linguistic nomenclature, and considering `lect`, a variety
     of a language, for that second thing."

  what-is-ad-hoc-today "The survey behind this document read every header
     line in the repository — the `kind/name/vN` after `%unimsg 0` — and the
     block keyword that opens each document. Sixty-odd documents use twenty
     kinds, and the kinds were coined one at a time.

     THREE UNRELATED THINGS ARE CALLED A PROFILE. `@unimsg/v0` in profiles/ is
     a conformance profile of the ENCODING: which key types are allowed, that
     determinism is required, a depth limit. `@rd/profile/prose/v0` in the same
     directory is a declared subset of a VOCABULARY that a document promises to
     stay inside. `@ui/target/web/v0`, also there, describes a RENDERER — what
     a build has and what it resolves tokens to — and vocab/README.md already
     had to spend a paragraph warning that the last two are easy to confuse.
     One directory, three kinds, one word.

     IDENTIFIERS DO NOT SHARE A GRAMMAR. A vocabulary is `@vocab/<name>/v0`,
     which is regular. A library is `@ui/lib/v0`; a target is
     `@ui/target/web/v0`; a lect is `@rd/profile/prose/v0`; a mapping is
     `mapping/encyclopaedia/infobox-planet/v0` with no `@` at all. Two of
     these abbreviate the vocabulary they serve (`ui`, `rd`) and the rest do
     not, so a reader cannot tell from an identifier what kind of thing it
     names or which vocabulary it belongs to without opening the file.

     ONLY ONE DIRECTORY HAS AN INDEX. vocab/vocabularies.umsg lists the
     vocabularies and renders to vocab/README.md, and it is the nearest thing
     to a registry the project has. Profiles, lects, targets, libraries and
     mappings appear in no index at all; a tool that wants the target for a
     toolkit finds it by knowing the path.

     THE NAME IS WRITTEN THREE WAYS. Prose in this repository writes `unimsg`
     lowercase 263 times and `UMSG` once; the ask that produced this document
     writes `UniMSG`. The domain had the same history in miniature: docs/18's
     first draft assumed unimsg.org, and the .org survived in docs/README.md
     and a tool comment after docs/18 itself had settled on .net."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- THE NAME
  -- ===================================================================

  the-name-is-one-lowercase-word "`unimsg`. Lowercase, one word, in prose and
     in code, because that is what the header line, the file extension, the
     identifiers and 263 occurrences in the design record already say. A word
     that is spelt the same in a sentence, a URL, a header and a namespace
     costs nothing to remember and never needs a style rule quoted at anyone.

     `UniMSG` IS A DISPLAY FORM, NOT A SECOND NAME. It may appear as a wordmark
     — a logo, a page banner, a store listing that would otherwise lowercase
     the first letter of a title — and nowhere a reader might copy it into a
     search box or a document. `UMSG` and `Unimsg` are not used.

     THE ABBREVIATIONS ARE FIXED: `.umsg` is the file extension for the text
     form; `%unimsg` is the header keyword; `@unimsg/v0` is the conformance
     profile. None of these is a name for the format."

  the-domain-is-unimsg-net "Decided on 2026-09-02: the canonical address is
     unimsg.net. docs/18 already records it as a decision rather than a typo;
     the two stale .org references — the docs/README.md row for doc 18 and the
     comment at the top of tools/site — were corrected with this document.
     unimsg.org is not a redirect and is not referred to."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- THE LINGUISTIC NOMENCLATURE
  -- ===================================================================

  why-linguistic-terms-fit "The project already speaks this way. A VOCABULARY
     says what a document's fields mean. A QUALIFIER is a word written in
     front of a value. The text form has a LEXER and the design record
     compares DIALECTS of syntax. The terms were not chosen for effect; they
     were chosen because a format that makes meaning addressable has the same
     parts a language does, and borrowing the words a linguist would use keeps
     the analogy honest. Extending that analogy is cheaper than inventing a
     parallel set, provided each borrowed word is given exactly one job."

  the-kinds [
    | kind         "a variety of"          holds                                                                         "today's example"
    | "vocabulary" "meaning"               "what a document's fields mean; the shape a gate checks"                       "@vocab/rich-document/v0"
    | "lect"       "a vocabulary"          "a declared variety of one vocabulary: fixed values, refused keys, no new ones"  "@rd/profile/prose/v0 — the prose subset of rich-document"
    | "target"     "a renderer"            "what one build of one consumer has, and what it resolves tokens to"           "@ui/target/web/v0"
    | "library"    "a kernel"              "element types derived over a vocabulary's kernel; adds nothing to implement"  "@ui/lib/v0"
    | "mapping"    "another format"        "how an external format's constructs land in a vocabulary"                    "mapping/encyclopaedia/infobox-planet/v0"
    | "profile"    "the encoding"          "what the format itself restricts: key types, determinism, limits"             "@unimsg/v0"
    | "registry"   "the whole"             "the one list of every named thing above, with its kind, hash and status"     "vocab/vocabularies.umsg, for vocabularies only"
  ]

  lect-is-the-right-word "A lect, in linguistics, is any variety of a
     language distinguished by SOMETHING — region gives a dialect, social
     group a sociolect, situation a register — and the word exists precisely
     because the general notion needed a name that presumed none of the
     specific ones. That is the situation here. `@rd/profile/prose/v0` is
     rich-document as written by an author with no opinion about type; a
     future one might be rich-document as written for a screen reader, or
     encyclopaedia as written for a gazetteer. They vary a vocabulary along
     an axis the lect itself declares, and the axis is different every time.

     A LECT IS A VARIETY AND NOT ONLY A SUBSET. The prose lect refuses keys,
     which is a subset, and FIXES five values, which is not — a document in it
     resolves to formatting a plain rich-document reader would have had to be
     told. So `subset` or `restriction` would have been wrong words, and
     `profile` was a wrong word for a different reason: it was already taken.

     WHAT A LECT MAY NOT DO IS ADD. A lect that introduced a key its
     vocabulary does not have would be a new vocabulary wearing a
     disguise, and a gate for the parent would refuse its documents. That is
     the rule that keeps a lect cheap: every document in a lect is a valid
     document of the vocabulary, and a reader that knows only the vocabulary
     reads it correctly, if less efficiently."

  the-words-not-taken [
    | word         "why not"
    | "dialect"    "presumes a geographic axis, and docs/05 already uses it for the candidate human syntaxes — which are notations of one data model, not varieties of one vocabulary. That use is retired below in favour of `syntax`"
    | "register"   "the linguistic sense is an axis of variation by situation, and docs/09 already uses it that way as a declared DIMENSION in the Arabic plural data. It cannot also be the name of the list of vocabularies"
    | "subset"     "true of the refusals and false of the fixed values; a lect changes what a document means by default, and a subset does not"
    | "variant"    "no linguistic weight, and already the ordinary English word for anything slightly different from anything else"
    | "profile"    "three meanings in one directory today. It keeps the one with prior art outside this project — RFC 8949 calls a set of encoding restrictions a profile, and @unimsg/v0 cites that section by name"
  ]

  registry-not-register "The list of everything is a REGISTRY, and the act of
     adding to it is to REGISTER. This is what docs/00 through docs/07 already
     say, fifteen times, when they talk about the IANA tag registry and the
     `registry governance` the format inherits; it is what the promotion
     ladder in the glossary means by `register publicly`. `Register` as a
     noun is reserved for the linguistic dimension, where docs/09 put it, and
     the two are not confused because one is a noun in the data and the other
     a verb about the repository."

  syntax-not-dialect "The six candidate human forms in docs/05 were called
     dialects when there was one data model and six ways to write it. There is
     now one text SYNTAX, specified in docs/15 and the specification, and a
     binary encoding. Neither is a dialect of anything. The term is retired;
     the documents that used it are historical and are not rewritten."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- ONE GRAMMAR FOR IDENTIFIERS
  -- ===================================================================

  the-identifier-grammar "Every named thing in the registry is identified as

       @<kind>/<name>/v<N>                for a vocabulary, profile or registry
       @<kind>/<vocabulary>/<name>/v<N>   for a lect, target, library or mapping

     where <kind> is one of the seven words in the-kinds, <vocabulary> is the
     bare name of the vocabulary served (`rich-document`, never `rd`), and
     <name> is the thing's own name. A vocabulary keeps `@vocab/<name>/vN`
     because eleven of them exist under that form in documents outside this
     repository, and `vocab` is the kind word abbreviated once, everywhere,
     rather than a second convention.

     THE KIND IS THE FIRST SEGMENT SO A READER CAN SORT BY IT. The vocabulary
     is the second so a reader can find everything that serves one. The
     header line carries the same path without the `@`, as it does today,
     and the block keyword is the kind word."

  renamed-under-the-grammar [
    | today                                          "under the grammar"                                  kind
    | "@vocab/rich-document/v0"                      "@vocab/rich-document/v0"                            "vocabulary — unchanged"
    | "@rd/profile/prose/v0"                         "@lect/rich-document/prose/v0"                       "lect"
    | "@ui/target/web/v0"                            "@target/ui/web/v0"                                  "target"
    | "@rd/target/print/v0"                          "@target/rich-document/print/v0"                     "target"
    | "@ui/lib/v0"                                   "@library/ui/v0"                                     "library — DONE 2026-09-02, the first rename applied; see the-library-went-first"
    | "mapping/encyclopaedia/infobox-planet/v0"      "@mapping/encyclopaedia/infobox-planet/v0"           "mapping"
    | "@unimsg/v0"                                   "@profile/core/v0"                                   "profile — decided 2026-09-02, applied when the tree is quiet; see the-profile-shares-the-spec-name"
    | "@vocab/vocabularies/v0"                       "@registry/unimsg/v0"                                "registry"
  ]

  the-library-went-first "The library was renamed on 2026-09-02, ahead of the
     rest, because it was the smallest case and settled the one objection the
     grammar invited: that `library @library/ui/v0 {` says the kind twice.
     It does, and so does `vocabulary @vocab/ui/v0 {`, which nobody had
     minded. The envelope keyword is the kind and the first segment of the
     identifier is the kind, and they agree because they are the same fact
     written for two readers — the parser and the sort order. Six files
     changed: the header and envelope, the showcase's `uses`, two prose
     mentions, the registry's ancestor and its generated README. uigen
     resolved the renamed library without a change, which confirms that the
     tool finds it through `uses` and not by name."

  the-profile-shares-the-spec-name "The first draft of this document said
     `@unimsg/v0` was written into every implementation's profile checker and
     recommended leaving it as a documented exception. That was checked and
     it is false: the identifier appears in two comments across eleven
     implementations, and the checker takes a profile by path. The cost that
     justified the exception does not exist.

     WHAT THE CHECK FOUND INSTEAD IS A COLLISION. spec/unimsg-v0.umsg opens
     `spec @unimsg/v0` and profiles/v0.umsg opens `profile @unimsg/v0`: two
     documents, one identifier. A registry cannot hold that row twice, so one
     moves, and it is the profile — a restriction is subordinate to the thing
     it restricts, and the bare name belongs to the specification.

     DECIDED 2026-09-02. The profile becomes `@profile/core/v0`: the baseline
     every v0 document meets, a name that stays true when a second profile
     arrives and says nothing a new rule could make false. `interchange` was
     the runner-up, and was not taken because it names the reason the current
     rules were chosen rather than what the profile is. The specification
     keeps `@unimsg/v0` and its header line changes from `spec/unimsg/v0` to
     `unimsg/v0` so the header and the envelope say the same thing.

     NOT YET APPLIED, DELIBERATELY. Other work is in flight in this tree and
     references these names. The rename is done once that work has landed and
     before any new work begins, in one commit, with the library rename above
     as the pattern: header, envelope, every `->` reference, the registry's
     ancestor, the generated README, and a run of every checker that reads a
     renamed file."

  now-is-the-time-to-rename "Every identifier above is at v0 and every
     document carrying one is :draft. The repository's own rule for drafts is
     that they are amended in place — an identifier is a name and not a
     counter, and nothing has been released that a rename would break. That
     window closes at the first public release, after which a renamed
     identifier is a successor with a predecessor and the old name must be
     resolvable forever. The rename is cheap this month and never again."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- THE REGISTRY
  -- ===================================================================

  what-the-registry-is "ONE document, `registry/unimsg-v0.umsg`, identifier
     `@registry/unimsg/v0`, in a vocabulary of its own shape, listing every
     named thing of the seven kinds. vocab/vocabularies.umsg is its ancestor
     and is folded into it: the prose there about why shapes differ from
     qualifiers and why a library is not a vocabulary survives as sections,
     and the tables become rows of the registry. vocab/README.md continues to
     be generated, from the registry, filtered to one kind.

     IT LISTS; IT DOES NOT DEFINE. A row names a thing, says what kind it is,
     which vocabulary it serves, where its document lives, what it hashes to,
     what status it carries, and what it succeeds. The definition is the
     document at the path. A registry that carried definitions would be a
     second copy of every vocabulary and would drift from the first."

  registry-row [
    | column        holds
    | :id           "the identifier, under the grammar"
    | :kind         "one of the seven"
    | :serves       "the vocabulary a lect, target, library or mapping is for; absent for a vocabulary, profile or the registry itself"
    | :path         "where the document is, relative to the repository root — for people; the identifier is the name"
    | :hash         "what the document hashes to, so a consumer can verify it has the thing the registry means"
    | :status       "the document's own status, copied, so a directory can be scanned without opening sixty files"
    | :succeeds     "the identifier this one replaces, if any"
    | :holds        "one sentence, as the vocab/README tables have today"
  ]

  the-registry-is-checked-not-trusted "A tool, `tools/registry`, reads the
     registry and every document it names, and refuses the build when a row's
     hash does not match its file, a row's status does not match the
     document's, a document of one of the seven kinds exists with no row, or
     a row's identifier does not parse under the grammar. That is the same
     arrangement the corpus has with the implementations and the gates have
     with the vocabularies: the list is the arbiter only because something
     checks it."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- THE INFRASTRUCTURE
  -- ===================================================================

  the-repository-by-kind [
    | directory         holds                                                       "changes proposed"
    | "spec/"           "the specification"                                         "none"
    | "profiles/"       "encoding profiles — @unimsg/v0 and any successor"          "loses the lects and targets that were put here for want of a directory"
    | "vocab/"          "vocabularies, in shapes/, qualifiers/ and subjects/"       "loses libraries/ and its index; keeps the generated README"
    | "lects/"          "lects, one file per lect, named <vocabulary>-<name>-v<N>"  "new; receives rd-profile-prose-v0"
    | "targets/"        "targets, named the same way"                               "new; receives the eight *-target-* files"
    | "libraries/"      "libraries"                                                 "new; receives vocab/libraries/ui-lib-v0"
    | "mappings/"       "mappings, one subdirectory per vocabulary served"          "none"
    | "registry/"       "the registry and its shape vocabulary"                     "new"
    | "corpus/"         "the conformance corpus"                                    "none"
    | "vectors/"        "test vectors"                                              "none"
    | "descriptors/"    "the bootstrap descriptors"                                 "none"
    | "implementations/" "the independent implementations and their guide"          "none"
    | "tools/"          "the tools, one directory each"                             "gains registry/"
    | "docs/"           "the design record — design, findings, guide, method"       "none"
    | "issues/"         "issues, in @vocab/issue/v0"                                "none"
    | "site/"           "the built site"                                            "regenerated once the domain is decided"
  ]

  a-directory-is-for-people "Nothing above changes a name. vocab/README.md
     says it in capitals — a vocabulary is named by its identifier and not by
     its path — and the same holds for every other kind. Moving the targets
     into targets/ touches no document that references one, because no
     document references a path. The directories are the reading order for a
     person opening the repository, and the registry is the reading order for
     a tool."

  the-document-kinds-are-already-fine "docs/ carries four kinds — design,
     findings, guide, method — and issues/ carries one. All five are document
     shapes, not registry kinds: a design is not a variety of anything, and
     it is listed in docs/README.md rather than the registry. They are named
     here only so that nobody reaches for `profile` or `lect` to describe a
     document about the format rather than a part of it."

  -- ===================================================================
  -- WHAT TO DO, IN ORDER
  -- ===================================================================

  the-steps [
    | step  does                                                                                              "cheap while"
    | 1     "settle this vocabulary of kinds — argue with the-kinds table before anything moves"               "nothing has moved"
    | 2     "write @vocab/registry-shape/v0 and registry/unimsg-v0.umsg from vocab/vocabularies.umsg"          "the vocabulary list is short enough to retype"
    | 3     "rename the lect, targets, profile and mappings under the grammar, once in-flight work has landed"     "everything is v0 and no other work is open"
    | 4     "move files into lects/, targets/, libraries/, registry/; regenerate vocab/README.md"               "no external path references exist"
    | 5     "write tools/registry and run it in implementations/check.sh"                                       "the registry is small enough to check by eye against the tool"
    | 6     "regenerate site/ so its copy of docs/README carries unimsg.net"                                    "the site has no inbound links"
    | 7     "add the seven kinds and the branding rule to docs/glossary.md"                                     "this document is the only source"
  ]

  -- ===================================================================
  -- SCRUTINY
  -- ===================================================================

  scrutiny {
    load-bearing "That the three things called `profile` today are three
       different kinds and not one kind at three altitudes. If a lect and a
       target are the same kind of thing, `lect` is a rename and not a
       distinction, and the registry needs one word fewer."

    to-falsify "Find a document that has to be BOTH: a variety of a
       vocabulary that also describes a renderer's capabilities. The nearest
       candidate is a target that fixes authoring defaults for its own
       toolkit — a web target that says, in the same document, which
       rich-document keys its authors should not use. Cheapest to look for
       before step 3, by reading the eight targets and asking whether any of
       them fixes a value a document could have set."

    would-change "If a fourth kind arrives that the seven cannot hold — a
       transform between vocabularies, say, which is neither a mapping from
       an external format nor a lect of either — the grammar gains a word
       before the registry gains a row, and the-kinds table is amended rather
       than the new thing squeezed under `mapping`."

    already-rejected "Calling the format a LANGUAGE and everything else a
       variety of it. Tempting, because the analogy runs all the way down —
       but @vocab/language/v0 is a vocabulary for describing human
       languages, and `language` would then mean the format in one sentence
       and Akkadian in the next. The format is a format; the linguistic words
       are used one level down, for the things written in it."
  }
}

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canonical CBOR for docs/51-terminology-and-infrastructure.umsg 21334 bytes

Every construct on this page

The formal columns are read from the specification when this page is generated. The last column is this site's plain-language gloss and is not normative — where they differ, the specification is right.

construct	glyph	carries	example	gloss
:annotation	—	—	—	A bare name qualifying the value after it—for example a language tag or a unit such as `kg`. It is not a value itself; a bare name with nothing after it is an error, not a guess.
:array	`^`	type, or type:shape; then [ elements ]	`^f64 [ 1.5, 2.5 ] or ^i16:2x3 [ … ]`	A packed, homogeneous numeric array. The `^` marker gives every element its type and may also give the row-major shape: `^f64:2x3 [ … ]`.
:array-element	—	—	—	One element of a typed array. Its type comes from the `^` marker, so `1.5` inside `^f64` is binary64 rather than an exact decimal.
:array-missing	—	—	—	A missing position in a typed array. `null` here is not an element value: it adds a validity mask while preserving the array's shape.
:block	—	—	—	A block: named pairs, in braces. Its keys are sorted in the encoding and shown here as written.
:bytes	`~`	encoding:data	`~hex:ff00 or ~b64:iVBORw0KGgo=`	Raw octets, carried as octets. No base64 tax, no pretending they are text.
:comment	`--`	to end of line	`-- a note`	A note for people. It travels with the pair it precedes and never reaches the bytes.
:decimal	—	—	—	An exact decimal. 19.99 is nineteen and ninety-nine hundredths, not the nearest double to it.
:extension	`!`	name, then value	`!acme/hint { zone 4 }`	A qualifier this reader may not know. It survives the round trip intact, and stays legible on the way past — the rule that separates an extension from a private convention.
:float	—	—	—	A binary float, marked so it can never be mistaken for the exact decimal beside it.
:hash	`#`	algorithm:hex	`#sha256:deadbeef`	The digest of some content, with the algorithm said out loud so it is still meaningful in ten years.
:header	`%`	unimsg only	`%unimsg 0 label`	Declares the format version and what this document is. Optional, and useful exactly when a file arrives without context.
:identifier	`@`	word	`@ord-88213`	Gives this value a name, so another document can point at it without copying it.
:integer	—	—	—	A whole number of any size. Past 2^53 it is still exact, which is the whole reason this is not JSON.
:key	—	—	—	A field name: the first thing in a pair. It is bare when possible and quoted when needed, and names the content without becoming part of the value.
:reference	`->`	an identifier or a path	`-> @cust-4471, -> @lexicon.entries.kitāb`	Points at a name. Nothing follows it while reading — resolution is somebody else's job, deliberately.
:reserved-literal	—	—	—	One of six bare words that are values rather than names. The list is fixed, so no value is coerced by what it looks like.
:sequence	—	—	—	An ordered list. Order is preserved and is meaning.
:string	—	—	—	Text. May span lines, so prose does not have to be escaped into one.
:symbol	`:`	word	`:dispatched`	A name from a fixed vocabulary, not free text. `:high` is a value someone chose; "high" is a phrase someone typed.
:table-row	`\|`	cells	`\| sku qty`	One record of a table. A table is sugar for a sequence of blocks with the same keys, and encodes identically to the longhand.
:timestamp	—	—	—	A temporal value at the precision written. `2026-08` stays a month, and `03:52` stays a wall-clock time; neither is widened into an invented instant.